Лоев 2
Spore-pollen analysis revealed the regional features of the vegetation communities forming. The percentages of all the AP and NAP taxa have been calculated of the total pollen sum AP+NAP (AP = pollen sum of trees and shrubs; NAP = pollen sum of upland herbs). The percentages of the pteridophytes and aquatics have been calculated of the total pollen sum. Indication of the pollen zones has been fulfilled according to the scheme of Makhnach et al. (1981) with some corrections based on more recent investigations.
Below is given a short description of the resemblance and differences of the pollen zones beginning from the Sozhski Late Glacial.
DESCRIPTION OF THE POLLEN ZONES
SOZHSKI (=WARTANIAN, MOSKOVSKI) LATE GLACIAL
szi — Picea-NAP-Betula I Pinus-Picea-NAP-Betula
Domination of the conifer species and herbs is characteristic of this zone as a whole. Along with that a high percentage of the NAP among which Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae are especially notable. In the southeast of Belarus, Picea and Betula prevail and Alnus, Corylus and Carpinus occur as a slight admixture.
MURAVIAN (=EEMIAN, MIKULINSKI) INTERGLACIAL
mr1 — Betula
In general a dominance of Betula and conifer trees pollen is peculiar for this zone. In the southeast of Belarus Betula and Picea are dominants. Slight admixtures of Pinus, Alnus and Corylus, first appearance of the broad-leaved forests and abundant NAP (Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae) are observed. In addition a significant amount of Polypodiaceae is fixed.
mr2 — Pinus
In general, a dominance of Pinus is peculiar for this zone. The southeastern region differs from the others by a still high value of the NAP and higher content of Pinus along with a significant composition of Picea and Betula.
mr3 — Pinus-Betula-Quercus I Pinus-Betu-la-Carpinus
In general, a domination of Pinus and Betula as well as a significant participation of the NAP at the background of the permanent Quercetum mixtum occurrence are characteristic of this zone. Among the peculiarities of the pollen spectra of the Loyev 2 section is an essential percentage of Carpinus and Corylus.
mr4 — Quercus-Pinus-Corylus
Maximum of Quercus along with an increasing percentages of Corylus and decreasing participation of Pinus is a common feature of this zone over the whole study area. In the Loyev 2 section worthy of note are close values of Quercus and Pinus and low values of Carpinus.
mr5 — Corylus-Tilia-Alnus
Arboreal species dominate while the herb plants are few. Synchronous maxima of Tilia and Alnus, preceded by the maximum of Corylus are characteristic of this zone. In most sections these events take place against a background of an increasing role of Carpinus. In Loyev 2 this zone is also not thick and a Tilia maximum is insignificant, being attended by decrease of Pinus and Quercus. Content of Alnus and Betula is poor. Carpinus has low values in Loyev 2.
mr6 — Carpinus
The principal feature of this zone is the maximum of Carpinus, the presence of Picea and, increase of its percentage by the end of the zone. In Loyev 2, values of Alnus and Betula are permanent, Picea appears for the first time and then becomes more abundant in spectra while the portion of Corylus decreases. Arboreal pollen prevails. A low portion belongs to spores of which Sphagnum and Polypodiacae dominate.
mr7 — Pinus-Carpinus-Corylus I Pinus-Co-rylus-Quercus-Carpinus
This zone is characterized by the maximum of Pinus and by the second (small) peak of Carpinus. In Loyev 2, Betula, Picea, Corylus and Alnus are present, sporadic grains of Quercus and Ulmus are met, and the NAP values (Artemisia, Ericaceae and Chenopodiaceae) are enough high. Sphagnum and Polypodiaceae prevail among spores.
mr8 — Betula — NAP
The peculiar feature of this zone is a high content of Betula and the NAP accompanied by still preserved role of the broad-leaved species, and by the first appearance of Larix.
Shalaboda V.L. Characteristic features of Muravian (Eemian) pollen succession from various regions of Belarus // Acta Paleobotanica. 41(1). 2001. Pp. 27-41.